attract with their beauty and mystery, because before them so far. Scientists and researchers have already collected a lot of information about the stars, so in this article I would like to highlight the most interesting facts about the stars.
1. What is the closest star to earth? This is the Sun. It is located only 150 million km from Earth, and by space standards it is an average star. It is classified as a yellow dwarf G2 main sequence. It has been converting hydrogen to helium for 4.5 billion years, and is likely to continue to do so for another 7 billion years. When the sun runs out of fuel, it will become a red giant star, the size of the star will increase many times. When it expands, it will swallow Mercury, Venus, and possibly even Earth.
2. All stars have the same composition. The star's birth begins in a cloud of cold molecular hydrogen, which begins to shrink gravitationally. When a cloud of molecular hydrogen is compressed fragmented, many of these parts will form into separate stars. The material is collected in a ball that continues to shrink under the action of its own gravity, until the center reaches the temperature capable of firing nuclear fusion. The source gas was formed during the Big Bang and consists of 74% hydrogen and 25% helium. Over time, it will convert some of the hydrogen to helium. That is why our Sun has a composition of 70% hydrogen and 29% helium. But initially they consist of 3/4 of hydrogen and 1/4 of helium, with impurities of other trace elements.
3. Stars are in perfect balance. Any star seems to be in constant conflict with itself. On the one hand, the entire mass of a star with its gravity force constantly squeezes it. But the hot gas exerts enormous pressure from within, breaking its gravitational collapse. Nuclear fusion in the nucleus generates a tremendous amount of energy. The photons, before escaping outside, make a journey from center to surface for about 100,000 years. When a star gets brighter, it expands and turns into a red giant. When nuclear fusion in the center stops, then nothing can hold back the increasing pressure of the overlying layers and it collapses turning into a white dwarf, a neutron star or a black hole. It is possible that the stars in the sky that we see no longer exist, because they are very far away and their light takes billions of years to reach the earth.
4. Most stars are red dwarfs. Comparing all known stars, it can be argued that the most red dwarfs. They have less than 50% of the mass of the Sun, and red dwarfs can weigh up to 7.5%. Below this mass, gravitational pressure will not be able to compress the gas in the center, to begin nuclear fusion. They are called brown dwarfs. Red dwarfs emit less than 1/10, 000 solar energy, and can burn for tens of billions of years.
5. The mass is equal to its temperature and color. The color of the stars can vary from red to white or blue. Red color corresponds to the coldest with a temperature of less than 3500 degrees Kelvin. Our star is yellowish-white, with an average temperature of about 6,000 Kelvin. The hottest ones are blue, with surface temperatures above 12,000 degrees Kelvin. Thus, temperature and color are interconnected. Mass determines the temperature. The greater the mass, the greater will be the nucleus and the more active nuclear fusion will occur. This means that more energy reaches its surface and increases its temperature. But there is an exception, these are red giants. A typical red giant can have the mass of our Sun, and be a white star throughout life. But as it approaches the end of its life, it increases and the luminosity increases by a factor of 1000 and seems unnaturally bright. Blue giants are just big, massive and hot luminaries.
6. Most of the stars are double. Many stars are born in pairs. These are double stars, where two luminaries orbit in orbit around a common center of gravity. There are other systems with 3, 4 and even more participants. Just think what beautiful sunrises can be seen on the planet in a four-star system.
7. The size of the biggest suns, is equal to the orbit of Saturn. Let's talk about the red giants, or more precisely, about the red supergiants, against which our star looks very small. The red supergiant is Betelgeuse, in the constellation of Orion. It is 20 times the mass of the Sun and at the same time 1000 times larger. The largest known star is VY Big Dog. It is 1800 times larger than our Sun and would fit into the orbit of Saturn!
8. The most massive luminaries have a very short life. As mentioned above, the low mass of the red dwarf can last for tens of billions of years of burning before the fuel runs out. The reverse is also true for the most massive ones we know. Giant luminaries can be 150 times the mass of the sun and produce a huge amount of energy. For example, one of the most massive stars we know is Eta Carina, located
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